Found insideinvest in projects that contribute to sustainable development in developing countries and use the emission reductions thus achieved to meet their own Kyoto commitments. Developing countries ... Therefore, CDM projects should also help developing countries fund adaptation to climate change. ... Pronk has to ensure that the deal combines environmental integrity with economic effectiveness and equity. Found inside – Page 2(2) a financial mechanism containing: • a trust fund financed from unallocated permits to provide financial and technical assistance to developing countries seeking to reduce their emissions; • a climate fund financed from sliding-scale emissions fees to cover external costs, including ... Part III evaluates this strategy in terms of certain criteria, including cost, effectiveness, fairness, political acceptability, ... Found inside – Page 2So far the study has provided inconclusive results in terms of correlating repair funds to a reduction in residential home ... operating characteristics , items of specific interest were the determination of boiler capacity , efficiency and emissions . Found inside – Page 73Cost - effectiveness and Tradeoffs in Carbon Emission Reduction The Toronto Conference on the Changing Atmosphere recommended a 20 percent cut in carbon dioxide emissions by 2005 and a 50 percent reduction by 2020 . Toronto ... Found inside – Page 13-124It is generally recognised that there is significant potential for energy saving and thereby emission reductions in the building sector . ... Community level , other criteria such as cost effectiveness also need to be taken into account in order to establish the economic potential . ... from the European development fund ( EDF ) or any other donor , as it does not wish to become dependent on grant financing . Found inside – Page 161They also explain how the agencies may quantify the resulting emissions reductions to meet national air quality ... Recent idling reduction pilot projects in Atlanta , New York , Chicago , and California have proven the effectiveness of such programs , the statement continued . ... was billed as a major address by its advocacy - group sponsors , MoveOn . org and the Environment2004 Education Fund . Found inside – Page 91Ideally , the environmental effectiveness of any policy measure should be assessed by means of a model in which the state of the ... Other data represent measured changes in terms of , for example , decreased air pollution emissions without ... consist of an evaluation of the market in terms of actual trades and permit prices , as an indicator of their cost reduction impact . ... In Austria , three revenue raising charges are in place that collect funds for fulfilling take - back obligations , for ... Found inside – Page 412Although they may be effective in providing greater financial incentives to reduce emissions , they cannot create the strong social and ... Indeed , these mechanisms can operate to channel vital funding and resources away from regulatory ... Found inside – Page 21Delay reductions would be calculated using critical lane or capacity analysis and a qualitative estimate of safety ... constuction and annual operating costs would be made to determine if the solution met funding guidelines ( financial measures ) . ... approximate estimates of annual accident cost savings , emission reductions and energy savings could be derived using ... to the action's cost - effectiveness ( intermeasures ) . an was on on on as measure is whether not it intended desired . Found inside – Page 9additional measures enabling the EU to meet its target under the Kyoto Protocol , namely an 8 % reduction in greenhouse ... A report published in June 2001 concluded that the potential of cost - effective options is twice the size of the EU ' s required emission reduction . ... agreement on climate change , which covers core elements for the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and funding for developing ... Found inside – Page 199... 106 , 109n Tiutchev , Fyodor , 149 Tocqueville , Alexis de , 178 , 179–180 Torn countries , 160-161 Toward a More Effective ... and , 136 Umpire regimes , 184–185 Unemployment , NAFTA and , 57-58 UNFPA ( United Nations Population Fund ) , 15 , 16 , 17 , 21 United Kingdom . ... 19 imperialist leanings , 126-127 incentives for emissions reduction , 30 interests in Middle East , 135 Marshall Plan aid ... Found inside – Page 39Pension Funds , Tax Credits , [ 582 ] ( 28.7.97 ) 10 . Privatised Utilities ... Bus Lanes , Effectiveness , Question , [ 581 ] ( 1.7.97 ) 86 . Conservation and ... Emissions , Reduction Costs , Question , ( 587 ) ( 26.3.98 ) WA249 . Family Planning ... Found inside – Page 13will more than exhaust Federal funds available to buy buses and rail cars , spokesmen for the cities and the transit industry ... using a loaded test cycle which some claim has the greatest likelihood of achieving maximum emission reductions in practice . ... Both automobile manufacturers and the EPA seem to agree that the keymode emissions test appears to be the most cost - effective inspection method . Found inside – Page 24A common problem preventing effective adaptive management operations is a lack of funding and incentives to carry out the ... The trading program has been a success , with emissions reductions exceeding the goal by 30 percent and annual ... Found inside – Page 27EU - funded researchers are developing ways to reduce the environmental impact of data centres . ... efficiency Their work on energy efficiency , conducted in the GAMES ' project and supported by EUR 3 million in funding from the European ... Found inside – Page 9Emission estimates , emission reductions , and cost estimates must be verifiable in the event that a RACT determination is ... Inevitably , the thoroughness with which the supporting information is presented typically reflects the funding and resources allocated to ... For example , if the estimated cost effectiveness for a source category under investigation is within the range of cost effectiveness of ... Found inside – Page 11Figure 1 - 4 Costs and Regional Effectiveness Net annual policy implementation cost ( million dollars ) 130 120 Auto standards ... reduction in automotive emission rates , and that this in turn will require a fairly substantial expenditure of funds . Found insideKenmore co In order to improve electricity system efficiency and reduce air ... However , with a drop in funding since 1984 , incremental savings have declined to four percent per year . ... utilities in the South Coast Air Quality Management District may use to achieve the necessary energy savings and emissions reductions . Found insideProposed Program Plan and Funding Request for Fiscal Year 2009-2010 : Staff Report Steve Williams ... Institute Radiant Tube ( RASERT ) that combines high energy efficiency ( 68 % ) with lower Nitrous Oxide emissions ( 50 % reduction ) . Found inside – Page 24619 percent by 2020 , which is less than the reduction due to the application of the one - step approach ( - 1 . ... However , in order to enhance the effectiveness in emission reduction and demand the big emitters such as the power sector and energy ... except automobile and cement ; to raise an energy research and development fund ; to reduce social security payment ; to subsidize the en - ergy cost of ... Found insideICAAP funding was requested only for the Interstate 35/80 and Douglas Avenue interchange and did not include the ... 683,115 9,625 EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS 196,805 1, ed = daily x 365 days (kd/year 71,834 90 T EFFECTIVENESS O ... Found inside – Page 1-307... Dawson, Georgia 31742 (0.04.1347) OBJECTIVE: Develop methods to reduce or eliminate particulate emissions and noise ... the effectiveness of dampening materials, enclosures mufflers, barricades, and modifications of processes in reduction of ... ADDENDA: Estimated calendar funding reported as 1975 $20,000. Found inside – Page 27The most effective ways to reduce transportation - related ozone pollution are to encourage the use of mass transportation and car pooling , use reformulated fuels that burn more ... New road projects in nonattainment areas that will increase motor vehicle pollution cannot be built with federal funds . ... Tailpipe emission programs are necessary to ensure that vehicles continue to operate at optimal levels . Found inside – Page 438The United States sponsors the " Clean " Coal Technology Programme in which government funding is equally matched by industry for ... Banking allows the storage of excess ( above the required ) emission reductions through Emission Reduction Credits ( ERC ) . ... taxes / charges / fees are being investigated as a means to make environmental protection more efficient without sacrificing effectiveness . Found inside – Page 24Had they not done so , emissions gains from non - participants could have overwhelmed emissions reductions in signatory countries , undermining the effectiveness of the accord . 40 Unfortunately , the ozone fund has been beset by a number ... Found inside – Page 1The resolution asks for an independent study to determine the effectiveness of the program in reducing pollution , the cost to the citizens ... This is because the data on directly measurable emission reductions and the computer modeled projections for annual ... These include the cutting off of all clean air planning grants and those highway funds which are not environmentally productive or safety related . Found inside – Page 1These plans include emission limitations for vehicular and industrial sources established by the Board and local air pollution control 9 districts . ... 956.3 949.9 942.9 $ 107,405 $ 115,472 $ 108,028 22 0044 Motor Vehicle Account , State Transportation Fund . 73,962 ... Surveillance of vehicles is 40 performed to assess the effectiveness of established procedures . ... 52 53 Major Budget Adjustments Proposed for 1996–97 54 $ 6,000,000 reduction reflecting completion of the program to ... Found inside – Page 472Greenhouse gas emission reductions : climate change . ... to verify emissions reductions , establishing emissions reduction goals , designing and implementing efficiency improvement plans , maintaining a record ... Existing law establishes the Rice Straw Demonstration Project Fund for the purpose of providing the grants . Found inside – Page 131Local distribution company - Energy efficiency programs – Funding mecha - nisms — Recovery from ratepayers ... Encouragement of car - bon emissions reductions and energy efficiency - Local distribution company — Experimental tariff . Found inside – Page 117... planning processes , and that they identify sufficient funding sources to complete the necessary planning activities . ... This provision provides Congress a mechanism for evaluating the effectiveness of , and for making further adjustments ... Conformity TCMs — The EPA after consultation with DOT and opportunity for public comment , must issue information on the emission reduction potential of TCMs . Found inside – Page 4An Alternative Emission Reduction Program achieves emission reductions through other means , such as a vehicle buy - back or scrappage program . ... The District will also allocate AB 434 funds ( the Transportation Fund for Clean Air ) , as appropriate , to projects and programs that benefit trip ... Implementation Regulation 13 , Rule 1 became effective July 1 , 1993 in Marin and Napa Counties . Found inside – Page 83At this time it appears that a portion of the funding for the Plan will be derived from existing renewable energy programs , which could diminish the Plan's overall effectiveness in decreasing carbon emissions , and reduce the effectiveness of ... Found inside – Page 22CARB staff launched a new effort to verify the control effectiveness and durability of retrofit devices submitted by manufacturers . Today , performance ... The next phases will address general public Incentive Programs to Accelerate Emission Reductions . California ... In 2002 , California voters approved a bond measure that included $ 40 million in additional funding for the Moyer Program . The state has ... Found inside – Page 13Coordinated Data Collection and Use Because the effectiveness of planning and , thus hopefully of decision making , depends ... Therefore , I would recommend that just as the transportation improvement program ( TIP ) outlines the projects , agency responsibilities , funding sources ... range of data needed to determine accurately the emission reductions resulting from employer trip reduction programs . Found inside – Page 6-5The policy and funding environment for energy - efficiency programs underwent a transition following the decision in the ... First , as noted by Messenger ( CEC 2003 ) , “ ... sustained reductions in capita electricity use over a ten - year period ... Found inside – Page 25Financing these subsidies requires governments to either increase other taxes or reduce other expenditures . ... These instruments create a continuous incentive for innovation to improve emission efficiency or to shift to lower - emission ... Found inside – Page 16-2In 1984 , the State Acid Deposition Control Act ( SADCA ) required the reduction of SO2 emissions from existing sources and further ... study acid deposition , its precursors , and its effects ; and track the effectiveness of acid deposition precursor emissions reductions . ... Investments from Bond Act funds have helped to improve the quality of our environment , protect public health , and conserve the unique ... Found inside – Page 8Even with the policies and measures in place , emissions are expected to stay above the final target . ... include effective policies and measures with a clear implementation plan , time schedules as well as adequate funds for implementation . ... This is a sensible policy as the use of these mechanisms is likely to reduce ... Found inside – Page 36The money for the program came from General Fund (- 20 percent) and Oil Overcharge Funds (~80 percent). 6. ... Projects must adhere to cost effectiveness standards (dollars per ton). ... Approximately 40 percent, or $1.60 of the fee, of the money goes to cities to implement emission reduction programs at their discretion. Found inside – Page 46The climate fund is being administered , on a continuing interim basis by the Global Environment Facility ( GEF ) . ... As the cost - effectiveness of emission reduction varies between countries , it has been proposed that northern nations can ... Found inside – Page 16578shall report to Congress on the effectiveness ( e ) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY . ... procarbon emissions reduction programs to minEngineers Standard 90.1-2007 ... Found inside – Page 2677However , the EPA and the Federal Highway Administration may withhold federal highway funds in the event that Maricopa County is ... V. Cost - Effectiveness Analysis Based on data from Assessment of Fuel Formulations for Maricopa County ( Mathpro ; November 7 ... that meets the Federal Phase II standards or the CARB standards and comparing these costs with the anticipated emissions reductions . Found inside – Page 512A plan for the use of EPA grant funds for small water systems surveillance was developed by the California Conference of Directors of Environmental Health and the state's ... 83-02946P Comparison and optimization of emission efficiency and power of five automotive fuels in one engine . ( En ; en ] ... Heat exchanger size reductions of 55-67 % are possible , depending on the tubeside enhancement type . Found inside – Page 169... Schoolbus Clean Fuel Efficiency Demonstration Program to provide state funding through the Katz Schoolbus Fund to ... administer a schoolbus emissions reduction fund to provide revenue from state , local , and private sources to replace ... Found inside – Page 7Table ' 1 : Description of the criteria . criterion Description Effectiveness and ' extremely effective ' . ... Environmental synergy The degree to which the option concerned contributes to a reduction of carbon dioxide emission The degree to which the option or measure concerned has a ... The majority of the funding , 100 million guilders , has been earmarked for this Besides this , combined heat and power ... Found inside – Page 111-11These would be detailed in terms of timing, location, responsibility, etc., and estimates of their cost and effectiveness developed. ... This will develop estimates of the travel and other impacts, from which the possible emission reductions will ... MTC 11/80 to 3/81 Tech Memo documenting analysis of additional transportation Control S. Budget for Task E. 3: AGENCY ||Amount ($000s)|| Funds requested ... Found inside – Page 123Effective Date : Completion Date : Funds : ( 30 months ) $ 700 , 000 lated to the collection of primary data and the ... of 1990 identify transportation control measures ( TCMs ) that are expected to provide emission - reduction benefits and ... Found inside – Page 130This funding will reduce smog - forming emissions by approximately 4,500 tons , the equivalent of taking over 418,000 cars off the road . Although the Carl Moyer Program achieves emission reductions in a cost - effective manner , diesel ... Found inside – Page 66Of the 170 MMTs of GHG emission reductions per year required by AB 32 , it is estimated that 5 MMTs of GHG emission reductions ... targets for emission reductions from passenger vehicles and light trucks ( cannot include new fuel efficiency as a reduction tool ) ; Each region will ... If CARB deems the SCS sufficient and feasible , then funding for transportation projects must be consistent with the SCS . Found inside – Page 19Promote Cost - Effective Project Selection Below , we make several recommendations to improve the cost - effectiveness ... Therefore , emission reductions in the capped sector likely would have happened without bond funding and would not ... , with a drop in funding since 1984, incremental savings emissions reduction fund effectiveness declined to four per! Of 55-67 % are possible, depending on the effectiveness of established procedures Coast air quality Management District may to! 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