Library of Alexandria Nineteenth-century artistic rendering of the Library of Alexandria by the German artist O. Julius Caesar dallied with Cleopatra in Alexandria in 47 BC and was besieged in the city by Cleopatra's brother and rival. It became the main Greek city of Egypt, with an extraordinary mix of Greeks from many cities and backgrounds. Within the next 3-5 years the goal for Alexandria's Nature Bus will be to have additional themes (Michigan Mammals and Creatures of the Night) aboard the bus so that the bus is booked on a daily basis. Alexander's chief architect for the project was Dinocrates. Luminaries associated with the Musaeum included the geometry and number-theorist Euclid; the astronomer Hipparchus; and Eratosthenes, known for calculating the Earth's circumference and for his algorithm for finding prime numbers, who became head librarian. The Serapeum of the Great Library was destroyed, possibly effecting the final destruction of the Library of Alexandria. Chartered in 1998, the Alexandria Library Foundation, Inc. was formed to enhance the Alexandria Library's services through private donations. These clashes culminated in the Egyptian coup of 1952, during which the army occupied Alexandria and drove King Farouk from his residence at Montaza Palace.[27]. We’ve no way of knowing to what extent the Greek population penetrated into the hinterland, although we do know that Egypt was divided into regions known as nomes each with its own capital. E. M. Forster, who worked in Alexandria for the International Red Cross during World War I, wrote two books about the city and promoted Cavafy's work. (At first, Egyptians were probably the plurality of residents, while the Jewish community remained small. From the time of annexation and onwards, Alexandria seemed to have regained its old prosperity, commanding, as it did, an important granary of Rome. The Lighthouse was destroyed by earthquakes in the 14th century,[22] and by 1700 the city was just a small town amidst the ruins. The Ptolemies fostered the development of the Library of Alexandria and associated Musaeum into a renowned center for Hellenistic learning. Part of Canopus is still on the shore above water, and had been studied by archaeologists the longest. Mayors of Alexandria (since the implementation of the local-government act of 1960):[28]. The Greek author Plutarch of Chaeronea, describes the event in section 26.3-10 of his Life of … In the late 4th century, persecution of pagans by Christians had reached new levels of intensity. Mohammed Ali, the Ottoman Governor of Egypt, began rebuilding the city around 1810, and by 1850, Alexandria had returned to something akin to its former glory. Get premium, … Ancient accounts are extremely numerous and varied, and much influenced by subsequent developments. Publically the Alexandria Foundation is a philanthropic, non-profit organization dedicated to the “preservation of the human experience”. This page was last edited on 12 January 2021, at 22:56. This page was created in 2002; last modified on 14 July 2020. 1,100 pages of text and notes cannot change the fact that 'the development of Alexandria as a city largely escapes us'. The Pharos and Heptastadium quarters, however, remained populous and were left intact. Denna artikel handlar om det antika biblioteket. [29], Lawrence Durrell, working for the British in Alexandria during World War II, achieved international success with the publication of The Alexandria Quartet (1957–1960). After Alexander's departure, his viceroy Cleomenes continued the expansion. Jacob, Christian, & François de Polignac, eds. In the year 1365, Alexandria was brutally sacked after being taken by the armies of the Crusaders, led by King Peter of Cyprus. Alexandria was intended to supersede Naucratis as a Hellenistic center in Egypt, and to be the link between Greece and the rich Nile Valley. Ancient accounts are extremely numerous and varied, and much influenced by subsequent developments. Following Antony's defeat at the Battle of Actium, Octavian took Egypt as personal property of the emperor, appointing a prefect who reported personally to him rather than to the Roman Senate[citation needed]. Even as its main historical importance had sprung from pagan learning, Alexandria now acquired new importance as a center of Christian theology and church government. 3 Mummies (and No Curses) (Published 2018)", "Scientists Begin Unveiling the Secrets of the Mummies in the Alexandria 'Dark Sarcophagus, "That Massive Black Sarcophagus Contained 3 Inscriptions. Slavery, a normal institution in Greece, was likely present but details about its extent and about the identity of slaves are unknown. Our foundation strives to give as many children as we can the chance to experience nature. He thought he could see a man with very white hair and of venerable appearance standing beside him and speaking these lines: [26.6] He rose at once and went to Pharos, which at that time was still an island a little above the Canobic mouth of the Nile, but which has now been joined to the mainland by a causeway.note[This dam, called the Heptastadion ("two kilometers"), was built by Ptolemaic kings who succeeded Alexander as rulers of Egypt.]. ' Every historian of Alexander has mentioned or discussed the foundation of Alexandria, and if there is any who has failed to follow the statement of Ptolemy (in Arrian, III, iv, 5) placing the event before the expedition to Siwah, I have not seen him. The city fell to the Arabs in AD 641, and a new capital of Egypt, Fustat, was founded on the Nile. Notably, there were few references to Egypt or native Egyptians in Alexandrian poetry; one of the few references to native Egyptians presents them as "muggers. The history of Alexandria dates back to the city's founding, by Alexander the Great, in 331 BC. The remains found at this site, which are dated circa the fourth to seventh centuries AD, include workshops, storefronts, houses, a theater, a public bath, and lecture halls, as well as Coptic frescoes. According to the translator, Elizabeth Hazelton Haight, the Life was written around c. AD 300 although… Sign In or Create Account to view assets data lock Unlock financial insights by subscribing to our monthly plan. You’ll always end up in this city. Devoted to the preservation and study of Greek culture, which gained of. In students and teachers in Alexandria. [ 16 ] [ 19 ] the neoplatonist philosopher Hypatia was publicly by. ) ; pp the mainland, life seemed to have centered in the military operations Napoleon. 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