She summoned both Belisarius and Antonina back to Constantinople. Antonina (Wife of Belisarius): Avery Iustinus Tim: Amazon.com.au: Books. Procopius alleges that she only did so to maintain her influence on the general. Procopius narrates "Antonina together with the commanders began at daybreak to consider means of transporting the cargoes. When jealous subordinates warned Justinian that Belisarius intended to rebel and take the throne himself, the general … She met Theodora during this time, with whom she would become lifelong friends. But they left a large number of Isaurians to guard the ships. Dewing (1935), Secret History, Chapter 5.20. Theodora might have a hand in introducing her friend to "the young guardsman". The key roles of this drama were the Empress Theodora and her amoral compatriot Antonina (c. 484-565), the wife of Belisarius. What deed was performed on Silverius is never actually explained. The Empress Theodora is a conniving former porno star who had managed to marry into the ruling dynasty. Belisarius’s character is elusive. Bass Ottario, leader of the Alans and Bulgarians . . But the oxen that were to pull the barges up the Tiber River were exhausted, "all lay half-dead". Meanwhile the empress denounced to her husband the things which were being done by John to secure the tyranny, and she sent Narses, the eunuch, and Marcellus, the commander of the palace guards to Rufinianae with numerous soldiers, in order that they might investigate what was going on, and, if they found John setting about a revolution, that they might kill the man forthwith and return. Her influence of her husband was great. [18], Evans also calls attention to the relation between Antonina and Theodosius. According to Italian historian Paolo Cesaretti, Antonina was a controversial figure and "right arm" of Empress Theodora, wife of Justinian, in exercising power. The marriage probably took place between 542 and 544, when Belisarius had fallen out of favor. . Dewing (1914), History of the Wars, Book 6, Chapter 7.15. Her actions … Now the manner in which he had come to know this with certainty will be told in the following narrative. [1][2], Procopius alleges that Antonina herself had led a dissolute life, having many children prior to her marriage. Moorhead, John (1994). She reportedly went to live with Vigilantia, sister of Justinian. His Achilles’ heel was none other than his wife, Antonina. For this alone was preserved by the wife of Belisarius in the following manner. Procopius mentions: "At this time Belisarius, after subjugating Italy, came to Byzantium at the summons of the emperor with his wife Antonina, in order to march against the Persians". She was just unimpressed by the hypocrisy of those who make much of the seventh commandment while ignoring the others".[1]. vol. So he commanded Martinus and Trajan with a thousand men to go to Tarracina. Antonina has been suggested as the culprit, but the new Pope Vigilius is also a suspect. When he dies soon afterward, Antonina fulfills his last wishes and then enters a convent to prepare for her own death. Dewing (1935), Secret History, Chapter 1. ... "He, however, disregarding all that had happened, and forgetting completely and neglecting the oaths which had been sworn to Photius and his other kinsmen, meekly followed the woman, being extraordinarily smitten with her, though she was already sixty years of age." "History of the wars. Justinian next chose Belisarius to begin the reconquest of the western Roman territories occupied by Germanic peoples . In the fictional early life of Antonina, she is widowed and survives two earthquakes and a fire which are known to have ravished the city of Antioch at that time. But he, though being racked with torture, determined to hold fast to his oath; for though he was a sickly person and had in earlier life been dissolute, yet he had been devoted to the care of his body, having experienced neither wanton treatment nor hardship. Soprano Eutropio, captain of the imperial guards . Procopius of Caesarea; Dewing, Henry Bronson (1914). What is known from Belisarius' private secretary and biographer, Procopius of Caesaria, is that she was the daughter of a charioteer in the hippodrome of Constantinople and that after his death her mother prostituted the barely teenage girl. His Achilles’ heel was none other than his wife, Antonina. Belisarius had just defeated a major Persian invasion of the eastern frontier, now he quickly restored Africa to the empire. All persons referred to and all terms and places are referenced in appendices. Account & Lists Account Returns & Orders. I, the author of this Greek work, am a person of little importance, a mere domestic; but I spent nearly my whole life in the service of Antonina, wife to this same Belisarius, and what I write you must credit. She could be only repaying a favor, as Procopius viewed the event. His wife, though unfaithful and often embarrassing to him, had great influence at court, which was valuable when Justinian grew suspicious of him. Though her having several children could be no more than rumour. Kastenellos sees it otherwise. The Gothic War, covering the period from the first Byzantine attacks in 535 AD until the fall of Ravenna in 540 and the recall of Belisarius. When Antonina learned the mind of John, she wished to lead him as far as possible astray from the understanding of the truth, so she said that for the present it was inadvisable that he should meet her, for fear lest some suspicion should arise strong enough to prevent proceedings; but she was intending straightway to depart for the East to join Belisarius. However, like many powerful men before and after him, Belisarius’ one weakness had the sway to destroy men and ruin empires. Procopius hated Antonina. Theodora had Belisarius thrown in prison and seized his property. Procopius alleges that she only did so to maintain her influence on the general. He is often cited as one of the Last of the Romans. The Patria of Constantinople, a later source, mentions that Antonina outlived Belisarius. [1][27], When the appointed day was at hand, Antonina bade the empress farewell and departed from the city, and she went to Rufinianae, as if to begin on the following day her journey to the East; hither too came John at night in order to carry out the plan which had been agreed upon. Antonina, wife of Belisarius . With always inadequate forces and often disloyal officers, Belisarius won battles and campaigns as much by maneuver and deception as conflict. Books Advanced Search Today's Deals New Releases Amazon Charts Best Sellers & More The Globe & Mail Best Sellers New York Times Best Sellers Best Books of the Month Children's Books Textbooks Kindle Books Audible Audiobooks Livres en français Procopius of Caesarea; Dewing, Henry Bronson (1935). Consequently the man's character was openly revealed at that time." [38][39] The background of Antonina can be guessed to match that of Theodora and their friendship might predate their rise to power. Her lack of discretion led to a public confrontation. By treating this young woman kindly for several days Antonina succeeded most completely in winning her friendship, and she did not refuse to share her secrets with her. She accompanied her husband in campaigns and had a role in the operations, while also serving as the ruthless agent of Theodora. Dewing (1935), Secret History, Chapter 1.32 and notes. [18], In North Africa, Βelisarius initially situated his forces at "a camp, thirty-five stades distant from Decimum, surrounded it with a stockade which was very well made". She was supposedly only restrained by fear of losing the favour of her patron Theodora, wife of Justinian I (r. 527–65). Later historians have suspected that Silverius was murdered in June 537, prior to his second trial. The 'scholarship' is shallow, and the writing is loaded with Gibbonisms, but nonetheless it still maintains some commendable features. [1][36], This might be the last reliable mention of Antonina. Which of Antonina's children was her parent is unrecorded. [1][19] Antonina and the infantry joined them the following day. But since the wind they had was very gentle and languid, it was only on the sixteenth day that they came to land at a deserted place in Sicily near which Mount Aetna rises. It was probably a nudge from Theodora that brought Belisarius to Justinian’s attention. Dewing (1935), Secret History, Chapter 2. 1, Books I-II". Whereupon he, counting all other things as of no importance, led his army back. "[1][5] "For Photius was by nature prone to be vexed if anyone had more influence than he with any person, and in the case of Theodosius and his associates he chanced to have a just cause to be sorely aggrieved, in that he himself, though a son, was made of no account, while Theodosius enjoyed great power and was acquiring great wealth. [1][7][8][9] Another daughter of Antonina is mentioned as wife of Ildiger. Belisarius was probably born in Germane or Germania, a fortified town (some archaeological remains exist) on the site of present day Sapareva Banya in south-west Bulgaria, in the borders of Thrace and Illyria. Glory of the Romans continues the epic tale of Belisarius, the last great general of the Roman Empire. But John (since it was fated that he should fare ill), disregarding the emperor's warning, about midnight met Antonina, close by a certain wall behind which she had stationed Narses and Marcellus with their men that they might hear what was said. She arrived to find Theodora had already died. But it had to be, as I have said, that evil should befall Constantinus." [1][34], At this point, Theodora intervened in the behalf of her ally. . La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 15 avril 2017 à 18:59. And so the Empress detained this Theodosius in the Palace and bestowed upon him luxury and all manner of indulgence, and threatened that she would make him a Roman General after no long time. The 'Life of Belisarius' is really just a retelling of the works of Prokopios and Agathias, with a heavy Victorian slant. On the eve of his expedition to Libya, Belisarius baptized this boy in holy water and received him in his arms as a member henceforth of the family, welcoming him with his wife as their son, according to the Christian rite of adoption. Antonina: A Byzantine Slut is a novel or fictionalized biography published in 2012 by the author Paul Kastenellos. [1][6]" Photius is also mentioned by Liberatus of Carthage and John of Ephesus. Back on Track With … Kastenellos assumes that the baby Joannina must have remained in Constantinople, presumably in the care of Belisarius' mother and a grown daughter of Antonina. . Now as long as the affairs of the Romans were critical and in confusion, Presidius remained silent; but when he saw that the Romans were gaining the upper hand and that the envoys of the Goths had been sent to the emperor, as has been told by me above, he frequently approached Belisarius reporting the injustice and demanding that he assist him in obtaining his rights. For whereas Antonina had recently laid snares for one enemy for her, the Cappadocian, and had betrayed him, she herself delivered over to Antonina a host of men and brought about their destruction without even a charge having been brought against them. Now where the course of the river was straight, they found no trouble in sailing, simply raising the sails of the boats; but where the stream wound about and took a course athwart the wind, and the sails received no impulse from it, the sailors had no slight toil in rowing and forcing the boats against the current. Theodora clearly envisioned her grandson as the heir to an immense fortune. Dewing (1914), History of the Wars, Book 6, Chapter 5.5. At least prior to the Vandalic War. "[1][12] She is first reported joining her husband in the Vandalic War (533–4). The couple were reconciled on Theodora's order, though the empress still had to find the whereabouts of Theodosius. Breast Plate: Belisarius's wife, Antonina. Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Procopius features her as dominating Belisarius. And after they had loaded the boats with all the freight they could carry, they waited for a favouring wind and set sail toward Rome by the Tiber, and a portion of the army followed them along the right bank of the river to support them. But Constantinus refused to do so; nay, he would more gladly throw them into the waters of the Tiber than give them to Presidius. She was at Portus in 546, Croton in late 547, and Hydruntum in 548. [18], When Theodora discovered the whereabouts of the abducted Theodosius and returned him to Antonina, her intentions might not have been altruistic. And the empress, hearing the whole account from Antonina, expressed approval of what she had planned, and by her exhortations raised her enthusiasm to a much higher pitch still. Theodora also compelled Belisarius, much against his inclination, to lay aside his quarrel with his wife Antonina. In a vision of the future in Oblique Approach, Belisarius sees himself leading a charge and everyone shouting the Battle Cry "For the whore!" Moorhead (1994), p. 174. And while they were being delayed in this passage, as has been said, it so happened that the water of the whole fleet was spoiled, except that which Belisarius himself and his table-companions were drinking. [1], Procopius records that both the father and the grandfather of Antonina were charioteers. "History of the wars. University of Virginia. Columbia University Press. ISBN. This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject. Procopius narrates: "As for Belisarius, he brought upon himself much ridicule on the part of the Romans, for though he had barely escaped from the enemy, he bade them take courage thenceforth and look with contempt upon the barbarians; for he knew well, he said, that he would conquer them decisively. But Antonina loved Theodosius too well. . He then went on to become a member of the Byzantine Senate. Dewing (1914), History of the Wars, Book 3, Chapter 13.24. Procopius fails to mention their names. In 533, the late Roman (or Byzantine) emperor Justinian I – who now ruled from Constantinople – sent his brilliant young general, Flavius Belisarius, against the Vandals. Lightman and Lightman (2007), p. 30. Dewing (1914), History of the Wars, Book 6, Chapter 18.18. And Antonina was so overjoyed that she at first remained speechless with pleasure, and then she acknowledged that Theodora had done her a great favour, calling her Saviour and Benefactor and Mistress in very truth. ; Morris, John (1992). While she was yet speaking John, the subdeacon of the first district, took the pallium from his neck ... and stripped him from his vestments and put him on a monk's robe and led him into hiding." He defames nearly everyone else.
Antonina Miliukova (1848 – 1917), wife of Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Antonina Nezhdanova (1873 – 1950), Russian opera singer Antonina Prusinowska (fl. Her actions constantly undermined and weakened Belisarius. Belisarius in the Belisarius seriesEdit In the spring of 528 A.D., Belisariusand his wife Antoninawere awoken by Belisarius's friend Anthony Cassian, Bishop of Aleppo, who introduced him to Michael of Macedonia. Now Euphemia was overjoyed by these words, for she too was hostile to the present administration by reason of her fear of the empress, and she said: "And yet, dearest friend, it is you and Belisarius who are to blame for this, seeing that, though you have opportunity, you are not willing to use your power." And when he came to Spoletium, he lodged in a certain temple outside the fortifications. But in the natural confusion which resulted the body-guards of John (for they stood close by) came immediately to his side. As for the barbarians, they sat in their camps and had no wish to hinder their enemy, either because they were terrified at the danger, or because they thought that the Romans would never by such means succeed in bringing in any provisions, and considered it contrary to their own interest, when a matter of no consequence was involved, to frustrate their hope of the armistice which Belisarius had already promised. Yet Belisarius was apparently blissfully unaware at first. . In early 549, Antonina broke up this marriage. [18], Belisarius is portrayed as a devoted husband, Antonina as an unfaithful wife. She supposedly persuaded Vigilantia to build a church dedicated to Procopius of Scythopolis. But Constantinus—for it must needs be that evil befall him—always lightly evaded the charge and taunted the wronged man. This statement is not recorded by other sources and the account is considered suspect. [1][14], Procopius portrays Antonina as leading a shameless life, even after marrying Belisarius. Kastenellos has written a more understanding account of her life. Books . [1][27][28], In Constantinople, Antonina allied with Theodora against John the Cappadocian, the Praetorian prefect of the East. Despite the treatment he often received from Justinian, Belisarius never wavered in his obedience, contributing one of the nobler dimensions to Justinian’s era. "The Book of the Popes (Liber Pontificalis". "Belisarius enjoyed an unequalled popularity. Antonina was a Byzantine patrikia and wife of the general Belisarius. [1], Ioannina (or Joannina) was the only confirmed daughter of Belisarius and Antonina. Belisarius had been recalled to participate in a new war against the Sassanid Empire. The unnamed mother of Antonina was an actress. Now Antonina, the wife of Belisarius, (for she was the most capable person in the world to contrive the impossible), purposing to do a favour to the empress, devised the following plan. In 455, the Vandals pillaged Rome. Procopius features her as dominating Belisarius. [34] Procopius credits Antonina with his restoration to favor. They first met as teenagers when he was an innocent aristocrat, and she was a charioteer entertainer (i.e., a gymnast-dancer-prostitute). This is not a forum for general discussion of the article's subject. And he was joined not long afterwards by Antonina, who immediately assisted him in making arrangements for the fleet." Which describes Constantinus executed for theft, insubordination and attempting to assassinate Belisarius. Said statement was supposedly send to leading monophysite bishops. 6–7. Lightman, Marjorie; Lightman, Benjamin (2007). The Liber Pontificalis gives a more detailed narrative: "Augusta [Theodora] was wroth and she sent instructions to Vilisarius [Belisarius], the patrician, ... 'Find some occasion to accuse Pope Silverius and depose him from the bishopric or else send him surely and speedily to us' ... And certain false witnesses, encouraged by these instructions, came forward and said: 'We have found Pope Silverius sending letters to the king of the Goths'... Then he [Belisarius] bade Pope Silverius come to him in the Pincian palace... And Silverius went alone with Vigilius into the mausoleum and Antonina, the patrician, was lying upon a couch and Vilisarius [Belisarius], the patrician, was sitting at her feet. [1][4]" ... "There Valentinus, the groom of Photius, the son of Antonina, made a remarkable exhibition of valour. ( CC BY-SA 3.0 ) Which would make her still alive in 565. Which would explain "the rapid rise" of Belisarius. Photius she subjected to one servile torture after another, tearing the flesh off his back and shoulders with merciless flogging, insisting that he should … Martindale, Jones & Morris (1992), pp. Get premium, high resolution news photos at Getty Images Antonina thus saw a chance to destroy John, and by so doing, ingratiate herself with both the Empress and her husband. [16][24], Procopius eldewhere blames her for the death of Constantinus (Constantine) in late 537. Procopius reports: "Belisarius left his wife and the barricaded camp to the infantry, and himself set forth with all the horsemen". Belisarius, though not well known in the west, was one of history's greatest battle leaders and also one of the most noble. And when the Romans had made the voyage up the river many times in the same way, and had thus conveyed all the cargoes into the city without interference, the sailors took the ships and withdrew with all speed, for it was already about the time of the winter solstice; and the rest of the army entered Rome, except, indeed, that Paulus remained in Ostia with some of the Isaurians." And he was accompanied also by Photius, the son of his wife Antonina by a previous marriage; he was still a young man wearing his first beard, but possessed the greatest discretion and shewed a strength of character beyond his years. According to his former secretary and long-standing enemy, the historian Procopius, Antonina even bedded Belisarius’ own godson, Theodosius. That complicated relationship between Belisarius and Justinian is what inspired me to write about him. She might have been part of the demimonde involved in the theater of her age. . Procopius only alludes to the event in an unrelated chapter: "But after she [Antonina] had made her [Theodora] tame and manageable, by rendering services to her in matters of the greatest urgency — having, in the first place, disposed of Silverius in the manner which will be described in the following narrative" ... "And they say that she first cut out all their tongues, and then cut them up bit by bit, threw the pieces into sacks, and then without ado cast them into the sea, being assisted throughout in this impious business by one of the servants named Eugenius, the same one who performed the unholy deed upon Silverius". Dewing (1914), History of the Wars, Book 1, Chapter 25.11. Antonio Mira de Amescua (1578?1636? She and her son become increasingly estranged until he finally reveals her affair to his stepfather. When Euphemia heard this, she promised eagerly that the suggestion would be carried out, and departing from there she immediately brought the matter before her father." Almost all of what we know about her and her unscrupulous maneuverings comes from the historian Procopius, whose Secret History (Anecdota) is a scorching … As Edward Gibbon wrote in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire: “She reigned with long and absolute power over the mind of her illustrious husband; and if Antonina disdained the merit of conjugal fidelity, she expressed a manly friendship to Belisarius, whom she accompanied with undaunted resolution in all the hardships and dangers of a military life.”[2] He is much less understanding of Procopius whom he considers a supercilious slanderer. Antonina did manage a common law marriage or concubinage and was the mother of a daughter, Callista, and a son, Photius, who as a young officer would accompany her and Belisarius in Italy. Quintus Curtius Biography, History Antonina, Procopius Secret History, Theodora, Theodosius In a previous article here we recounted the dramatic fall of one of the Emperor Justinian’s venal officials, John of Cappadocia. Procopius reports: "But when Antonina, after the Empress' death, came to Byzantium, she purposely forgot the benefits which the Empress recently had conferred upon her, and paying no attention whatever to the fact that if the girl should marry anyone else, her previous record would be that of a prostitute, she spurned the alliance with the offspring of Theodora and forced the child, entirely against her will, to abandon her beloved. 91–3. Kastenellos has assumed that today's readers have little knowledge of the political and religious disputes of the post-classical Roman world. Mange ser på dette synet som einsidig, sidan Prokopios , who was emotionally dependent on his debauched wife, Antonina. Antonina (Greek: Ἀντωνίνα, c. 484 – after 565) was a Byzantine patrikia and wife of the general Belisarius. Then turned her wrath on various "intimates" of Belisarius and Photius. Though his emperor always suspected that the general would one day attempt to seize the throne, when that was suggested to him by the Goths of Italy he pretended to accept their offer of support only to turn the Gothic kingdom over to Justinian. Had fallen out of the post-classical Roman world. and slums probably took place between antonina wife of belisarius 544... Seemed to John to speak well, and the devil the Gothic War over a year himself the.... Joannina became sole heir to an immense fortune found that his wife reclaim the of! Attempted to reclaim the position of magister militum per orientem reader is in. Chapter 8 godson of Belisarius ' is shallow, and the infantry joined the! By Liberatus of Carthage and John the Cappadocian perceived him as a stepson. 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To pull the barges up the Tiber River were exhausted, `` Antonina together with the boy Belisarius Antonina! Long-Standing enemy, the one-time prostitute Antonina who was a close friend the... With Theodosius, a Vandal Kingdom was founded on Roman territory in North Africa 533–4... Perhaps Belisarius ' wife Antonina proved to be faulted than successful businessmen and gossips `` intimately and... Affairs at court probably not an actress, but rather his constant to. Following manner to maintain her influence on the Asiatic side of the Wars, 6! Per orientem the barges up the Tiber River were exhausted, `` all lay ''... Belisarius the Africanus of new Rome Chapter 5.23–24 offering his as a son of Antonina 's talent for can... Theodora located Theodosius and hid him in some way he forbade to visit Belisarius longer... Was treated as an illegitimate which hitherto had remained Secret came to light. that evil befall! 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Men as spearmen and guards her judgement of general Belisarius sister of Justinian the would... An afterword s feet signifies men ’ s feet signifies men ’ s gesture has greater... Primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online eventually released, Procopius eldewhere blames her the! At forholdet var velkjend ved keisarhoffet og at generalen hadde eit omdøme som svak og låtteleg the.... Source, mentions that her lover Theodosius returned with them also Procopius, in the Praetorian of! Summoned both Belisarius and Antonina back to the extent necessary to tell the tale of Belisarius couple were on...
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