igcse history notes germany

• Nationalist - all German-speaking people should be united in one country; the Treaty of Versailles should be abolished; and there should be special laws for foreigners. Start studying IGCSE History: Germany Depth Study. Economic hardship affected the whole nation and led to uprisings and assassinations. STUDY. This agreement allows | |[pic] |Hitler to take over political power in Germany as long as he leaves the Catholic Church alone. | |[pic] |These were set up to give Hitler greater control over the judgements made in courts. | | |When the courts convicted Dutch Communist van der Lubbe, but did not convict other. The Cambridge IGCSE History syllabus looks at some of the major international issues of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as well as covering the history of particular regions in more depth. The first instalment had taken all Germany could afford and so, in 1922, it failed to pay the second instalment. Topic 1: Paper 1 Development of dictatorship: Germany, 1918-1945 Revision notes- REVISION-Development of dictatorship Germany ESTABLISHMENT OF WEIMAR REPUBLIC & ITS EARLY PROBLEMS -IGCSE Germany topic 1- Weimar 2. Slowly but surely, the Germans were forced back until by the end of September, the Allies were through the Hindenburg Line. • Killed 85 per cent of Germany's Gypsies. Germany Revision Guide 2. As you can see the period between 1919 to 1923 was defined by one crisis after another. IGCSE History Germany Depth Study. PhDessay is an educational resource where over 1,000,000 free essays are collected. Hitler fled, but was arrested two days later. Who was to blame for it all? How did the Weimar Republic survive? It is usually produced to influence how the people of a nation think. ] An Allied counter-offensive began on 8 August 1918, near Amiens, with hundreds of tanks attacking in short sharp jabs at different points instead of on a narrow front, forcing the Germans to withdraw their entire line. By November 1923, workers had to be paid twice a day: if they did not get to the shops quickly, their wages would not be enough to buy anything. The right wing was even more of a threat to the Republic. • Autarky - the idea that Germany should be economically self-sufficient. • There was a concentration on physical fitness. Niemoller was held in a concentration camp during the period 1937-1945. | |Arguably the critical event - it gave Hitler absolute power to make his laws. But nobody quite knew what should become of Germany now that although the Kaiser was gone, the riots and strikes went on. It took only six days for cities all over Germany to join in. It maintained control through a mixture of propaganda [Propaganda: A type of advertising for an idea or cause, produced by supporters or opponents of that idea or cause. The ‘November Criminals’ were to pay dearly for it. Colonies taken away. Persecution Who did the Nazis persecute? • Killed mentally ill patients. • Concentration camps. In January 1933, Hitler became chancellor, and immediately set about making himself absolute ruler of Germany using Article 48. and then they were conscripted into the army. All he could was to abdicate. Was the Weimar Republic doomed from the start? A mutiny, on 28 October, did take place, with the navy chiefs refusing to carry out the order for battle with the British. | |[pic] |Banning political parties made Germany a one-party state and destroyed democracy in the country. It exploded, but Hitler survived. The other senior generals took the same view. STRENGTHS • A Bill of Rights guaranteed every German citizen freedom of speech and religion, and equality under the law. Weimar Germany Notes - Very Detailed! Some people formed sabotage organizations which blew up the railway lines between France and the Ruhr, so that the French could not get the coal out of Germany. • Textbooks were re-written to include Nazi political and racial ideas. • Killed mentally disabled babies. Write. Homosexuals were persecuted; they did not fit the Nazi image of the ideal family. Workers and soldiers joined the sailors and took control of the town of Kiel. • Rearmament created jobs in the armaments industry. By this time, the Germans had to accept the terms, however harsh they may have been. Word Document 54.99 Kb. The Early Nazi Party The Nazi ideology: • Lebensraum - the need for 'living space' for the German nation to expand. This situation spiralled out of control and once again the German people were unhappy and in financial difficulty, so uprisings occurred throughout the country. By 1939, 1. • Jewish civil servants, lawyers and teachers sacked. Clear message showing the link between the reparations set by the Treaty of Versailles and the German preparations regarding rearmament. The content on this website is comprised of notes I made during my IGCSE and AS/AL preparations. Article 48 - this said that, in an emergency, the president did not need the agreement of the Reichstag, but could issue decrees [Decrees: Laws passed by one minister in a parliament, which have not been approved by the majority parliament. • History was taught to glorify Germany. On 7 May 1919, the Allies finalized/announced the terms of the peace treaty. GCSE History AQA A: Paper 2: Germany, 1919-1945 . Notes on Germany (1919-1945) – Depth Study Facilitator February 4, 2014. 1918 - 1945 2. Just five years after the end of the Great War, the old hatred between France and Germany had flared up into violence and economic disaster. By the end of the year, German money was absolutely worthless. com is a FREE History revision website containing GCSE History revision, IGCSE History revision, A Level History revision and IB Diploma History revision podcasts and videos. This resource can be used with Year 10 and 11 students studying the German Depth Study of the iGCSE History exam. Home Unification of Italy ... unification of germany There were numerous attempts at unifying Germany but for some reason, they always failed. | |14 July 1933 |Political parties are banned - only the Nazi party is allowed to exist. A | | |German police/ military style organisation created to serve as the personal bodyguards of Adolf Hitler. Created by. They took over coal mines, railways, factories, steel works. The content on this website is comprised of notes I made during my IGCSE … • Race Science lessons to teach that Jews are inferior 1935 • 'Jews not wanted here' signs put up at swimming pools etc. Many middle-class people, alarmed by the obvious failure of democracy, decided that the country needed a strong government. The Government started in 1918, two days before Germany surrendered in WWI. A blog for my IGCSE students to find resources which can help them boost their subjects. The Reichstag made the laws and appointed the government, which had to do what the Reichstag wanted. Hitler thought he would be helped by important nationalist politicians in Bavaria. The role of women The Nazis had clear ideas of what they wanted from women. Many Protestant pastors, led by Martin Niemoller, formed the Confessional Church in opposition to Hitler's Reich Church. | |20 June 1933 |Concordat - Hitler makes an agreement with the Pope who sees him as someone who can destroy communism. They sell their products to education, consumer creative professional, business and government customers. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with our cookie policy. The same thing happened in Saxony. The emphasis is on both historical knowledge and on the skills required for historical research. He also built public buildings such as the 1936 Olympic Stadium. Reasons why Hitler rose to power 1. In July 1930 Chancellor Bruning cut government expenditure, wages and unemployment pay - the worst thing to do during a depression. • Nationalist terror groups assassinated 356 government politicians. Work (working) • Dr Robert Ley, head of the DAF [DAF: German Labour Front ], boasted that he controlled workers' lives from the 'cradle to the grave'. The government also had to face right wing armed gangs which roamed the streets and made life unpleasant for people from other political parties. In Hitler's Germany they| | |eventually controlled the intelligence, security and police forces, and extermination of those they considered undesirable. ] The Paris Peace Settlement was beginning to look very shaky. 1. The Weimar Republic: a Genuine Attempt at Democracy. • Many women were sacked and their jobs given to men. A presentation of the main aspects of the Treaty of Versailles: aims of the big three, six terms of TOV, how the Germans felt, why was the treaty so important, what the allies thought about the treaty, four other treaties 1919-1920, self-determination problems, successes and failures. THE RECOVERY OF GERMANY- Germany 2- Recovery 3. Summary At first, the Nazis were just a terrorist group. There are also more advanced worksheets for the 16-18 age range: Nazis and Youth; there is a worksheet to go with the information pack which should also be printed off. Second, the people who were expelled from their homes had to be housed and fed by the government since it had ordered the passive resistance in the first place. Supporters of the right wing often had friends in high places, for example in the law courts, government departments and the armed forces. Here are a comprehensive collection of short study notes and interactive revision resources for the Weimar and Nazi Germany 1918-1939 (Option 31) unit of the Edexcel GCSE History course. WEAKNESSES • Proportional representation - instead of voting for an MP, like we do in Britain. | |It allowed the Nazis to say that the country was in danger from the communists during its election campaign. In the province of Bavaria in the south, independent Socialists set up a republic. • Everybody had a job, and a wage. Flashcards. Anya. History Revision Notes - Germany Weimar - strengths and weaknesses The Weimar Republic After Germany lost the First World War, the Kaiser fled and a new democratic government of Germany was declared in February 1919 at the small town of Weimar. He could not get the Reichstag to agree to his actions, so President Hindenburg used Article 48 to pass the measures by decree. The Nazis believed that only Germans could be citizens and that non-Germans did not have any right to the rights of citizenship. The Weimar Republic was constantly plagued by economic problems which the government failed to solve permanently. German people were still angry about the Treaty of Versailles and supported Hitler because he promised to overturn it. They published anti-Nazi leaflets, but were discovered and executed in 1944. • Sterilised physically disabled people and people with hereditary diseases. Complete IGCSE History 2018 Past Papers Directory IGCSE History Feb & March Past Papers 0470_m18_0_0_gt 0470_m18_1_2_ms 0470_m18_1_2_qp 0470_m18_2_2_ms 0470_m18_2_2_qp 0470_m18_4_2_ms 0470_m18_4_2_qp IGCSE History May & June Past Papers 0470_s18_0_0_er 0470_s18_gt 0470_s18_ms_11 0470_s18_ms_12 0470_s18_ms_21 0470_s18_ms_22 … • Pensioners on fixed incomes and people with savings were the most badly hit. 10% Of Land 2. The German people were expecting it to be a fair treaty. Hitler was given power in a political deal by Hindenburg and Papen who foolishly thought they could control him. Destroyed much of the old Germany as the army was defeated and people surviving on turnips and bread. This financial disaster had profound effects on German society. More violent groups were called the Edelweiss Pirates. The remaining examinations for IGCSE History are either in the form of coursework or another written paper, Paper 3 (two coursework assignments written in your own time) or the alternative to coursework, Paper 4, which tests the same skills and knowledge as Papers 1 and 2 in a timed written examination. The specification unit code is 1HIO. The mutiny in the ports quickly spread inland. Walther Rathenau (29 September 1867-24 June 1922). The depression of 1929 created poverty and unemployment, which made people angry with the Weimar government. In fact, officials were left to make most of the decisions themselves, and the Nazi government was badly-organised, and chaotic. 2. Led by socialists, they set up their own workers’ and soldiers’ councils to run the towns. lack of potential customers. A famous British economist, John Maynard Keynes, argued that Germany did not have enough money to pay reparations. 2. It seemed that the Great War was about to start all over again. Report Sat 25th May, 2013 @ 21:55:) Ryan. Many scientists at this time believed that people with disabilities or social problems were genetic degenerates whose genes needed to be eliminated from the human bloodline. NOTES Hitler: GCSE History Rise of Evil Covers Hitler’s rise to power BBC History File Rise to power The Nazis: A Warning from History Comprehensive documentary . 3. • Jews and Jehovah's Witnesses were openly persecuted. Encouraged by Socialists and Communists, people began to talk of overthrowing him in a revolution. number: 206095338. It followed, therefore, that communists and … 3. can use them for free to gain inspiration and new creative ideas for their writing assignments. Full employment - the idea that everyone should have a job. |. GERMANY 1919-1945 REVISION CHECKLIST BASED ON YOUR TEXTBOOK PLEASE TICK THE BOXES AT THE APPROPRIATE TIME Topic (textbook pages) Read Own notes Revised I know this well Impact of WWI on Germany Germany before WWI and the effects of WWI on Germany (10) The German ‘Revolution’ of 1918-fall of the Kaiser (18) The … Opposition Those who spoke out against Hitler and his policies faced intimidation and threats from the Gestapo or imprisonment and in some cases execution. In September 1923, the Weimar government had called off the general strike, and every German nationalist was furious with the government. As with left wing ‘uprisings’, this was unsuccessful. It includes all the past paper questions for the four focus points specified by the exam board: 1. CAMBRIDGE IGCSE HISTORY REVISION 1 - TREATY OF VERSAILLES. First, the richest part of Germany was no longer producing goods, so the rest of the country suffered as well. After four years of stalemate in the trenches Germany surrendered. PLAY. Source Usefulness Practice. 7. German leaders had pretended that they were winning, right up to the signing of the armistice; The Kaiser had been overthrown in the 1918 revolution (many both inside and outside of Germany blamed him for starting the war) The Germans believed that the peace would be settled fairly and that it would be based on the 14 points. Report Thu 30th May, 2013 @ 22:15. Yet, it had no money to do so. Everything depended on American money - if that stopped, Germany was ready to return to crisis. History had a nationalistic approach. However, some brave people did try: 1. After considering the situation, the government not to sign the treaty and the ministers then signed. IGCSE History Germany Depth Study. An increasing number of people began to favour a return to strong, authoritarian government, which would maintain strict public order. At an enquiry, Field Marshall Hindenburg was called to give evidence. In their anger, many of them blamed the government for their sufferings. By 1939, there was virtually no unemployment in Germany. But then, on 4 October 1923, Kahr and Lossow called off the rebellion. During the war, 'swing' groups were formed. The 25-Point Programme had policies that were: • Socialist - eg farmers should be given their land; pensions should improve; and public industries such as electricity and water should be owned by the state. IGCSE History chapter notes; Igcse History Chapter Notes. Top Gcse History Germany Flashcards Ranked by Quality. |24 April 1934 |People's Courts - Hitler sets up the Nazi people's courts where judges have to swear an oath of loyalty to the Nazis. We also have lots of notes, study guides, and study notes available for History … 4. Despite all the successes, many historians believe that the stability of the Weimar republic was illusory: 1. November 1918 – The Kaiser abdicated after revolts around Germany after he had refused to become more democratic. This summary consists of 20 pages of condensed, detailed notes summarising the IGCSE Cambridge History Germany Depth Study syllabus since 2009. Includes detailed explanations, Key dates and Key facts to help anyone achieve an A* Learn. Germany - Revision Document. He refused and demanded to be made chancellor. The Ruhr Valley was then the richest part of Germany. | |5 Mar 1933 |General Election - only 44 per cent of the population vote for the Nazis, who win 288 seats in the Reichstag. These notes are from classes, research, assignments, textbooks etc. No blame is to be attached to the sound core of the army…It is perfectly clear on whom the blame rests.’. Hitler’s Germany was run on the following principles: Nazism was more than just a political movement; it was a way of life. 2. We understand that reading is the simplest way for human to derive and constructing meaning in order to gain a particular knowledge from a source. In the west, however, we can scarcely count on being able to withstand a serious offensive…The success of the operation as a whole is very doubtful, but as a soldier, I cannot help feeling that it were better to die honourably than accept a disgraceful peace. Dawes also arranged the Dawes Plan with Stresemann, which gave Germany longer to pay reparations. 1. This summary consists of 20 pages of condensed detailed notes summarising the IGCSE Cambridge History Germany Depth Study syllabus since 2009. • Hitler set up a state Reich Church, which banned the Bible and the cross. In 1944, the Cologne Pirates (the Edelweiss Pirates based in Cologne) killed the Gestapo chief, so the Nazis publicly hanged 12 of them. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! igcsehistory.weebly.com/depth-study-germany-1918-ndash-1945-part-1.html As if all these problems were not enough, the German government found itself in a difficult position because of the very bad state of the German economy. GCSE History - Germany 1918-1945. The government was shown to be incapable of keeping law and order, and respect for it dwindled. The French refused to believe it. So there was the choice: to fight on and risk total defeat in the end; or to make peace now on reasonable terms. Hitler hoped to copy Mussolini - the Italian fascist leader - who had come to power in Italy in 1922 by marching on Rome. Literacy in History: How to write a great History essay. GCSE history students compare the Hitler Youth and the League of German Maidens by constructing a dialogue designed to highlight the positive and negative features about each. On 10 November 1918, he secretly left Germany and went by train to the Netherlands, never to return. Germany was essentially a patchwork of independent states including Prussia and Austria that shared a common language, cultural and historical traits. While apple seems. There was a further unsuccessful attempt by right-wing forces in Munich in 1923. IGCSE History. | | |After this action, Germans could no longer get rid of Hitler in an election. • The KdF (Strength through Joy) movement regulated their leisure time. 6. [pic] A shop damaged during Kristallnacht 1939 • Jews were forced to live in ghettoes. Groups over Germany were forming councils and declaring for a socialist republic - similiar to what happened in Russia in the lead up to the communist revolution.

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